Passive: In this paper the contrast of dislocations in icosahedral quasicrystals is discussed in the framework of the quasilattice model and on the basis of the kinematical theory of electron diffraction. Notice how the revision to the following excerpt from an essay in Philosophical Magazine becomes more vigorous and concise once it is transformed into the active voice: Surprisingly, however, the use of the passive voice is endemic in academic discourse–particularly in the methods section of quantitative research reports. Nine times out of ten, you should transform passive sentences into active ones. Once rational behavior is defined, it will be shown that this behavior is consistent with currently observed trends in academic publishing.Īctually, neither of these referents makes much sense because the real referent is the missing subject–the “I” of the author. The purpose of this paper will be to define the rational behavior of an academic writer. For example, when readers come to the pronoun it in the following journal excerpt they have no way of knowing if the it refers to rational behavior or purpose–the subjects of the previous clauses: Use of the passive voice tends to create awkward pronoun references and faulty modification. One of the best ways to create a vigorous voice is to avoid passive sentence constructions. Passive sentences tend to be wordy, dull, and confusing. The main problem with passive sentences is that they leave readers unsure of who or what is causing the action.
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